Die Wissenschaft der Fluorchemikalien
Fluorchemikalien sind wichtige Materialien, die in alltäglichen Produkten verwendet werden. Manche dieser Materialien wurden vor Jahrzehnten erfunden, andere sind neu.
Es gibt Tausende von unterschiedlichen Fluorchemikalien, und keine gleicht der anderen. Viele von ihnen werden in alltäglichen Anwendungen eingesetzt, um die Haltbarkeit, Wasserbeständigkeit oder andere wichtige Eigenschaften zu verbessern.
Um Forschern und Aufsichtsbehörden zu helfen, die PFAS-Technologie besser zu verstehen und zu untersuchen, haben wir die von 3M und anderen durchgeführten Untersuchungen zusammengestellt. Weitere Informationen finden Sie im öffentlichen Dokument der U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (AR-226).
Feasibility of Using the National Marine Mammal Tissue Bank for Retrospective Exploratory Studies of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids
By J.M. Lynch, J.M. Ragland, W.K. Reagen, S.T. Wolf, M.D. Malinsky, M.B. Ellisor, A.J. Moors, R.S. Pugh, J.L. Reiner, 2017
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Anaerobic Biotransformation of N-Methyl Perfluorobutanesulfonamido Ethanol and N-Ethyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamido Ethanol
By C.C. Lange, 2017
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Spatial and Temporal Trends of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Fish Fillets and Water Collected From Pool 2 of the Upper Mississippi River
By J.L.Newsted, Ryan Holem, G.A. Hohenstein, C.C. Lange, M.E. Ellefson, W.K. Reagen, S.T. Wolf, 2017
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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in American Red Cross Adult Blood Donors, 2000- 2015
By G.W. Olsen, D.C. Mair, C.C. Lange, L.M. Harrington, T.R. Church, C.L. Goldberg, R.M. Herron, Hank Hanna, J.B. Nobiletti, J.A. Rios, W.K. Reagen, C.A. Ley, 2017
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Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) Conversion From N-Ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-perfluorooctanesulfonamide (EtFOSE) in Male Sprague Dawley Rats After Inhalation Exposure
By S. Chang, B.T. Mader, K.R. Lindstrom, C.C. Lange, J.A. Hart, T.A. Kestner, J.F. Schulz, D.J. Ehresman, J.L. Butenhoff, 2017
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Analysis of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Serum and Plasma by Solvent Precipitation-Isotope Dilution-Direct Injection-LC/MS/MS
By L.M. Harrington, 2017
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Polyfluorinated Substances in Abiotic Standard Reference Materials
By J.L. Reiner, A.C. Blaine, C.P. Higgins, Carin Huset, T.M. Jenkins, C.J.A.F.Kwadijk, C.C. Lange, Derek C.G. Muir, W.K. Reagen, Courtney Rich, J.M. Small, M.J.Strynar, J.W. Washington, Hoon Yoo, J.M. Keller, 2013
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Method and Validation for the Analysis of Perfluorinated Compounds in Water by Per-Sampling Isotope Dilution-Direct Injections-LC/MS/MS
By S.T. Wolf, W.K. Reagen, 2013
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Temporal Trends of Perfluoroaklyl Concentrations in American Red Cross Adult Blood Donors. 2000 - 2010
By G.W. Olsen, C.C. Lange, M.E. Ellefson, D.C. Mair, T.R. Church, C.L. Goldberg, R.M. Herron, Zahra Medhdizadehkashi, J.B. Nobiletti, J.A. Rios, W.K. Reagen, L.R. Zobel, 2012
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Determination of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acid Concentrations in Biological Standard Reference Materials
By J.L. Reiner, S.G. O’Connell, C.M. Butt, S.A. Mabury, J.M. Small, A.O. De Silva, M.J. Strynar, A.B. Lindstrom, W.K. Reagen, M.D. Malinsky, Sandra Schafer, Christiaan J.A.F. Kwadijk, M.M. Schantz, J.M. Keller, 2012
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Method for the Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) in Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
By S.T. Wolf, W.K. Reagen, 2011
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Determination of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acid Concentrations in Human Serum and Milk Standard Reference Materials
By J.M. Keller, A.M. Calafat, Kayoko Kato, M.E. Ellefson, W.K. Reagen, Mark Strynar, Steven O’Connell, C.M. Butter, S.A. Mabury, Jeff Small, Derek C.G. Muir, S.D. Leigh, M.M. Schantz, 2009
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Comparison of Extraction and Quantification Methods of Perfluorinated Compounds in Human Plasma, Serum, and Whole Blood
By W.K. Reagen, M.E. Ellefson, Kurunthachalam Kannan, J.P. Giesy, 2008
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Aerosol Enrichment of the Surfactant PFO and Mediation of the Water-Air Transport of Gaseous PFOA
By B.T. Mader, 2008
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Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Perfluorobutyrate in Rats, Mice, Monkeys, and Humans and Relevance to Human Exposure via Drinking Water
By Shu-Ching Chang, Kaberi Das, D.J. Ehresman, M.E. Ellefson, G.S. Gorman, J.A. Hart, P.E. Noker, Yu-Mei Tan, P.H. Lieder, Christopher Lau, G.W. Olsen, J.L. Butenhoff, 2008
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An Interlaboratory Study of Perfluorinated Alkyl Compound Levels in Human Plasma
By M.P. Longnecker, C.S. Smith, G.E. Kissling, J.A. Hoppin, J.L. Buttenhoff, Emily Decker, D.J. Ehresman, M.E. Ellefson, John Flaherty, W.K. Reagen, M.J. Strynar, W.B. Studabaker, 2008
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Preliminary Evidence of a Decline in Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) Concentrations in American Red Cross Blood Donors
By G.W. Olsen, D.C. Mair, W.K. Reagen, M.E. Ellefson, D.J. Ehresman, J.L. Buttenhoff, L.R. Zoble, 2007
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Effect of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Mallard and Northern Bobwhite Quail Exposed Chronically via the Diet
By J.L. Newsted, K.K. Coady, S.A. Beach, J.L. Butenhoff, Sean Gallagher, J.P. Giesy, 2006
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Pharmacokinetics and Acute Lethality of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) to Juvenile Mallard and Northern Bobwhite
By J.L. Newsted, S.A. Beach, S.P. Gallagher, J.P. Giesy, 2006
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Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)
By S.A. Beach, J.L. Newsted, Katie Coady, J.P. Giesy, 2006
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Quantitative Determination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Serum and Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
By J.M. Flaherty, P.D. Connolly, E.R. Decker, S.M. Kennedy, M.E. Ellefson, W.K. Reagen, Bogdan Szostek, 2005
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Analytical Techniques and Method Validation for the Measurement of Selected Semivolatile and Nonvolatile Organofluorchemicals in Air
By W.K. Reagen, K.R. Lindstrom, K.L. Thompson, J.M. Flaherty, 2004
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Compound-Specific Quantitative Characterization of Organic Fluorochemicals in Biological Matrices
By K.J. Hansen, L.A. Clemen, M.E. Ellefson, H.O. Johnson, 2001
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ETS-4-001.4 Validation of Chromatographic Analytical Methods
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ETS-4-031.1 Salt and Acid Correction Factors for Fluorochemical Anionic Standards
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ETS-4-031.1 Attachment A Salt Correction Table and Correction Factor Calculator
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ETS-4-042.2 Reference Materials
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ETS-4-043.0 Determining Purity/Concentration (or Other Appropriate Property Value) of Reference Materials
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ETS-8-016.6 Volatile Organic Compound Analysis for Air Samples Collected in Specially Treated Canisters Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
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ETS-8-044.3 Method of Analysis for the Determination of PFCs in Water by LC-MS-MS Direct Injection Analysis
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ETS-8-045.1 Determination of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids (PFAAs) via Protein Precipitation of Fish Tissues (Fillet or Whole Body) and Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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ETS-8-053.1 Solvent Extraction and Gradient or Isocratic LC/MS/MS Analysis of Soils for C4C12 Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids, and Perfluorobutane Sulfonate, Perfluorohexane Sulfonate, Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide (FOSA): Quantification Using Stable Isotope Labeled Internal Standards
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ETS-8-059.0 Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Using Sorbent Tubes and Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
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ETS-8-067.0 Analysis of Organic Compounds in Solvent Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
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ETS-8-105.1 Extraction and Analysis of Organic Compounds from Occupational Safety and Health Administration Versatile Sampler (OVS) Tubes Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
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ETS-8-154.4 Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds In Water By Solid Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
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ETS-8-182.2 Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Purge and Trap Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry Using EPA Method 8260C
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ETS-8-190.3 Canister Cleaning and Certification
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ETS-8-196.4 Gas Standard Preparation
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ETS-8-230.3 Determination of Fluorochemicals via Protein Precipitation in Serum and Plasma by Large Volume Injection High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Modeled Comparisons of Health Risks Posed by Fluorinated Solvents in Workplace Spill Scenario
By M. Jayjock, P.W. Logan, B.T. Mader, J. Owens, J.S. Eldridge, M. Costello, M. Morken, P, Lieder, 2010
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Evaluation of C4F8O as an Alternative Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Chamber Clean Chemistry
By L. Pruette, S. Karecki, R. Reid, L. Tousignant, W.K. Reagen, S. Kesari, L. Zazzera, 1999
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Fourier Transform Infrared Method Validation at a Carbon Bed Solvent Recovery Unit for Four Gaseous Hydrocarbons
By W.K. Reagen, B.D. Wight, D.J. Krueger, G.M. Plummer, 1999
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Protocol for FTIR Measurements of Fluorinated Compounds in Semiconductor Process Tool Exhaust
By W.K. Reagen, 1997
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Infrared Study of Process Emissions During C3F8/02 Plasma Cleaning of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Chambers
By Larry Zazzera, W.K. Reagen, Albert Cheng, 1997
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Comparison of Three Rapid Toxicity Test Procedures: Mircortox, Polytox, and Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition
By M.T. Elnabarawy, R.R. Robideau, S.A. Beach, 1988
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Reductive Degradation of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds with Aquated Electrons Generated From Iodide Photolysis at 254 nm
By H. Park, C.D. Vecitis, J. Cheng, N. Dalleska, B.T. Mader, M.R. Hoffman, 2011
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Sonochemical Degradation of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in Groundwater: Kinetic Effects of Matrix Inorganics
By J. Cheng, C.D. Vecitis, H. Park, B.T. Mader M.R Hoffman, 2010
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Perfluorinated Surfactant Chain Length Effects on Sonochemical Kinetics
By T. Campbell, C.D. Vecitis, B.T. Mader, M.R. Hoffman, 2009
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Treatment Technologies for Aqueous Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)
By C.D. Vecitis, H. Park, J. Cheng, B.T. Mader, M.R. Hoffmann, 2009
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Reductive Defluorination of Aqueous Perfluorinated Alkyl Surfactants: Effect of Ionic Headgroup and Chain Length
By H. Park, C.D. Vecitis, J. Cheng, B.T. Mader, M.R. Hoffman, 2009
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Sonochemical Degradation of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in Landfill Groundwater: Environmental Matrix Effects
By J. Cheng, C.D. Vecitis, H. Park, B.T. Mader, M.R. Hoffman, 2008
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Kinetics and Mechanism of the Sonolytic Conversion of the Aqueous Perfluorinated Surfactants, Perfluooctanoate (PFOA), and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) into Inorganic Products
By C.D. Vecitis, H. Park, J. Cheng, B.T. Mader, M.R. Hoffman, 2008
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Sehen Sie sich die Position von 3M zu den jüngsten Nachrichten in Bezug auf die Regulierung und Verantwortung für Fluorchemikalien an.
3M begrüßt die Möglichkeit mit externen Interessengruppen zusammenzuarbeiten, welche genau wie 3M das Ziel verfolgen, die Wissenschaft der Fluorchemie voranzutreiben.
